Brief Summary of Literary Criticism

 

The Study of Poetry

In "The Study of Poetry," Matthew Arnold argues that poetry is a higher form of expression than history or science. He emphasizes the importance of poetry for cultural and moral education. Key concepts include the "touchstone method," where he suggests comparing passages from great poets to determine literary merit, and his belief in poetry as a critique of life, providing guidance and wisdom. Arnold also discusses the decline of modern poetry and the need to return to the high standards set by classical poets.

 

The Metaphysical Poets

In "The Metaphysical Poets," T.S. Eliot discusses the unique qualities of metaphysical poetry, particularly its blend of emotion and intellectual complexity. He praises poets like John Donne for their ability to unify thought and feeling. Key concepts include "unified sensibility," where poets combine disparate experiences into a coherent whole, and "dissociation of sensibility," where Eliot argues that later poets separated thought and feeling, weakening poetry. Eliot highlights the originality and wit of metaphysical poets, as well as their use of surprising metaphors, or conceits.

 

Introduction to Culture and Imperialism

In the "Introduction to Culture and Imperialism," Edward Said explores the relationship between culture and imperialism. He argues that European literature and cultural works played a significant role in justifying and maintaining colonial power. Key concepts include the idea of "contrapuntal reading," which involves examining literary works from both the colonizer's and the colonized's perspectives, and "cultural hegemony," where dominant powers impose their values and norms. Said emphasizes the lasting impact of imperialism on both the colonizers and the colonized, advocating for a more inclusive and critical approach to studying literature and culture.

 

The Rise of English

"The Rise of English" by Terry Eagleton (assuming the slight misspelling) examines how English literature became a central subject in education and its role in shaping national identity. Key concepts include the idea that the study of English was promoted as a way to instill moral values and social cohesion during times of political and social upheaval. Eagleton also discusses how English replaced classics like Latin and Greek in the curriculum, reflecting broader changes in society. He critiques the notion that literature is inherently apolitical, highlighting its use in reinforcing ideological norms and power structures.